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三阴性乳腺癌一线治疗未来新方案

来源:三阴性乳腺癌 2025-05-11

三阴性乳腺癌的人类表皮生长因子受体HER2、雌激素受体和孕激素受体均为阴性,对传统HER2靶向治疗和内分泌治疗基本无效,对化疗效果欠佳。2019年,复旦大学附属肿瘤医院绘制出全球最大规模三阴性乳腺癌多组学全景图谱,结合大样本基因组学特征、转录组学特征和临床疗效分析数据,首先将中国三阴性乳腺癌患者进一步细分为四个亚型:管腔雄激素受体型、间质型、免疫调节型、基底样免疫抑制型,可以分型精准施策。2023年,FUTURE研究证实复旦分型精准施策对晚期三阴性乳腺癌至少一线治疗失败患者安全有效,客观缓解率由低于10%提高至43.5%。那么,复旦分型精准治疗能否用于晚期三阴性乳腺癌一线治疗?
 
  2024年1月8日,英国《柳叶刀》肿瘤学分册在线发表复旦大学附属肿瘤医院范蕾①、王中华①、马林晓曦①、吴松阳①、吴炅①、余科达①、隋辛怡、徐颖、刘西禹、陈力、张文娟、金希、肖琴、水若鸿、肖毅、王晗、杨云松、黄晓燕、曹阿勇、李俊杰、狄根红、柳光宇、杨文涛、胡欣、江一舟?、邵志敏?、恒瑞医药夏燕和梁倩男等学者的FUTURE-SUPER研究报告,探讨了复旦分型精准施策用于晚期三阴性乳腺癌一线治疗的安全性和有效性。该研究由国家自然科学基金、上海市自然科学基金、上海市卫生和健康发展研究中心和恒瑞医药提供支持。
 
FUTURE-SUPER (NCT04395989): An Umbrella Trial Based on Molecular Pathway for Patients With Metastatic TNBC (An Umbrella Trial Based on Molecular Pathway for Patients With Unresectable Locally Advanced or Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer)
 
  该单中心非盲随机对照二期临床研究于2020年7月28日至2022年10月16日入组年龄18~70岁、体力状态评分0~1分、经组织病理学确认、尚未治疗的三阴性乳腺癌复发或转移性女性患者139例。根据复旦分型将患者分为五个队列,将复旦分型作为分层因素按1∶1的比例随机分组,对照组(70例)全部给予白蛋白紫杉醇(每28天第1、8、15天每平方米体表面积100毫克静脉注射)单药治疗,试验组(69例)根据复旦分型给予白蛋白紫杉醇+相应药物联合治疗:
  • 管腔雄激素受体型HER2突变患者:联合吡咯替尼(每天400毫克口服)
  • 管腔雄激素受体型和间质型PI3K/AKT突变患者:联合依维莫司(每天10毫克口服)
  • 免疫调节型患者:联合卡瑞利珠单抗(第1、15天200毫克静脉注射)和法米替尼(每天20毫克口服)
  • 基底样免疫抑制型和间质型PI3K/AKT未突变患者:联合贝伐珠单抗(第1、15天10毫克静脉注射)
 
 
  主要研究终点为研究者根据复旦分型评定的意向治疗人群(即全部随机分组患者)无进展生存。次要研究终点包括安全性,根据美国国家癌症研究所通用不良事件术语第5版对不良事件发生率和严重程度进行评定。
 
  结果,截至2023年5月31日,中位随访22.5个月(四分位:15.2~29.0),试验组与对照组相比:
  • 中位无进展生存延长1.9倍:11.3个月比5.8个月(95%置信区间:8.6~15.2、4.0~6.7)
  • 进展或死亡风险减少56%:风险比0.44(95%置信区间:0.30~0.65,P<0.0001)
  • 3~4级治疗相关中性粒细胞减少:30%比23%
  • 3~4级治疗相关贫血:7%比0
  • 丙氨酸氨基转移酶升高:6%比1%
  • 治疗相关严重不良事件:10%比0
  • 任何治疗相关死亡事件:0比0
 
 
  因此,该研究结果表明,对于晚期三阴性乳腺癌患者,根据复旦分型进行一线治疗,无进展生存显著获益,故已进一步开展随机对照三期临床研究进行验证。
 
  对此,英国皇家马斯登医院和伦敦癌症研究院发表同期评论,认为三阴性乳腺癌患者的未来必将更光明!
 
  从提出三阴性乳腺癌复旦分型,到FUTURE研究初探,到此次FUTURE-SUPER研究落地,充分论证了复旦分型精准施策的有效性,实现了从基础到临床的闭环创新临床研究新模式,期待复旦分型精准施策的理念能够惠及更多乳腺癌患者!
 
 
 
Lancet Oncol. 2024 Jan 8. IF: 51.1
 
Optimising first-line subtyping-based therapy in triple-negative breast cancer (FUTURE-SUPER): a multi-cohort, randomised, phase 2 trial.
 
Lei Fan, Zhong-Hua Wang, Lin-Xiaoxi Ma, Song-Yang Wu, Jiong Wu, Ke-Da Yu, Xin-Yi Sui, Ying Xu, Xi-Yu Liu, Li Chen, Wen-Juan Zhang, Xi Jin, Qin Xiao, Ruo-Hong Shui, Yi Xiao, Han Wang, Yun-Song Yang, Xiao-Yan Huang, A-Yong Cao, Jun-Jie Li, Gen-Hong Di, Guang-Yu Liu, Wen-Tao Yang, Xin Hu, Yan Xia, Qian-Nan Liang, Yi-Zhou Jiang, Zhi-Ming Shao.
 
Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals, Shanghai, China.
 
BACKGROUND: Triple-negative breast cancers display heterogeneity in molecular drivers and immune traits. We previously classified triple-negative breast cancers into four subtypes: luminal androgen receptor (LAR), immunomodulatory, basal-like immune-suppressed (BLIS), and mesenchymal-like (MES). Here, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of subtyping-based therapy in the first-line treatment of triple-negative breast cancer.
 
METHODS: FUTURE-SUPER is an ongoing, open-label, randomised, controlled phase 2 trial being conducted at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC), Shanghai, China. Eligible participants were females aged 18-70 years, with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-1, and histologically confirmed, untreated metastatic or recurrent triple-negative breast cancer. After categorising participants into five cohorts according to molecular subtype and genomic biomarkers, participants were randomly assigned (1:1) with a block size of 4, stratified by subtype, to receive, in 28-day cycles, nab-paclitaxel (100 mg/m2, intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15) alone (control group) or with a subtyping-based regimen (subtyping-based group): Pyrotinib (400 mg orally daily) for the LAR-HER2mut subtype, everolimus (10 mg orally daily) for the LAR-PI3K/AKTmut and MES-PI3K/AKTmut subtypes, Camrelizumab (200 mg intravenously on days 1 and 15) and famitinib (20 mg orally daily) for the immunomodulatory subtype, and Bevacizumab (10 mg/kg intravenously on days 1 and 15) for the BLIS/MES-PI3K/AKTWT subtype. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed progression-free survival for the pooled subtyping-based group versus the control group in the intention-to-treat population (all randomly assigned participants). Safety was analysed in all patients with safety records who received at least one dose of study drug. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04395989).
 
FINDINGS: Between July 28, 2020, and Oct 16, 2022, 139 female participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to the subtyping-based group (n=69) or control group (n=70). At the data cutoff (May 31, 2023), the median follow-up was 22.5 months (IQR 15.2-29.0). Median progression-free survival was significantly longer in the pooled subtyping-based group (11.3 months [95% CI 8.6-15.2]) than in the control group (5.8 months [4.0-6.7]; hazard ratio 0.44 [95% CI 0.30-0.65]; p<0.0001). The most common grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events were neutropenia (21 [30%] of 69 in the pooled subtyping-based group vs 16 [23%] of 70 in the control group), anaemia (five [7%] vs none), and increased alanine aminotransfeRASe (four [6%] vs one [1%]). Treatment-related serious adverse events were reported for seven (10%) of 69 patients in the subtyping-based group and none in the control group. No treatment-related deaths were reported in either group.
 
INTERPRETATION: These findings highlight the potential clinical benefits of using molecular subtype-based treatment optimisation in patients with triple-negative breast cancer, suggesting a path for further clinical investigation. Phase 3 randomised clinical trials assessing the efficacy of subtyping-based regimens are now underway.
 
FUNDING: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai, Shanghai Hospital Development Center, and Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals.
 
DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(23)00579-X

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